Family: Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0058] Detail
Gen. Synema Simon, 1864 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:02766] Detail
type Aranea rotundata Walckenaer, 1802; gender neuter; syn. of Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775)
N.B.: Synaema is an unjustified emendation.
Transferred to other genera:
Synema batjense Simon, 1886 -- see Mastira
Synema bicolor Keyserling, 1883 -- see Xysticus
Synema brunettii Tikader, 1962 -- see Lysiteles
Synema dimidiatipes Simon, 1900 -- see Mecaphesa
Synema excultum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 -- see Lysiteles
Synema fronto Simon, 1900 -- see Mecaphesa
Synema impotens Simon, 1900 -- see Mecaphesa
Synema insulare (Blackwall, 1877) -- see Firmicus
Synema jocosum Banks, 1929 -- see Stephanopoides
Synema lentiginosum Simon, 1886 -- see Firmicus
Synema margaritaceum Simon, 1909 -- see Ebrechtella
Synema naevigerum Simon, 1900 -- see Mecaphesa
Synema obscurum Keyserling, 1880 -- see Xysticus
Synema rufithorax Simon, 1904 -- see Misumenops
Synema seranicum Strand, 1913 -- see Henriksenia
Synema takashimai (Uyemura, 1937) -- see Lysiteles
In synonymy:
Synema globosum clarum Franganillo, 1913 = Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) (Breitling et al., 2016b: 55).
Synema globosum daghestanicum Utochkin, 1960 = Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) (Ono, 1988c: 147).
Synema globosum flavum Franganillo, 1913 = Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) (Breitling et al., 2016b: 56).
Synema globosum pulchellum Franganillo, 1926 = Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) (Breitling et al., 2016b: 56).
Synema japonicum Karsch, 1879 = Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) (Ono, 1988c: 147).
Synema kochi (Thorell, 1881, T from Diaea) = Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) (Ono, 1988c: 147).
Synema richteri Utochkin, 1960 = Synema plorator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (Levy, 1975: 159).
Nomen dubium:
Synema imitatrix meridionale Strand, 1907n: 660 (f, South Africa) -- Nentwig et al., 2019: 47.
Synema abrahami Mello-Leitão, 1948 | m | Guyana     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031225]
Synema abrahami Mello-Leitão, 1948: 179, f. 21 (Dm).
Synema adjunctum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 | f | Panama     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031226]
Synema adjunctum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 84, pl. 11, f. 1 (Df).
Synema palliatum adjuncta F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: 150.
Synema aequinoctiale (Taczanowski, 1872) | f | Mexico, French Guiana     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031227]
Xysticus aequinoctialis Taczanowski, 1872: 87 (Df).
Synema aequinoctiale Keyserling, 1880: 71, pl. 2, f. 37 (f).
Synema affinitatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 | m f | Mexico to Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031228]
Synema affinitatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 82, pl. 10, f. 12-13 (Dmf).
Synema profuga O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 84, pl. 11, f. 3 (Df).
Synema culta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893b: 119, pl. 15, f. 15 (Df).
Synema interrupta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893b: 120, pl. 15, f. 9-10 (Dmf).
Synema polita O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898a: 241, pl. 33, f. 14-15 (Dmf).
Synema affinitatum F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: 151, pl. 10, f. 15-17 (mf).
Synema affinitatum Kraus, 1955b: 56, f. 150-151 (m).
Synema albomaculatum Ono, 2001 | m f | Bhutan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:038191]
Synema albomaculatum Ono, 2001b: 230, f. 65-71 (Dmf).
Synema anatolicum Demir, Aktaş & Topçu, 2009 | m f | North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Iran     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:044497]
Synema anatolica Demir, Aktas & Topçu, 2009b: 742, f. 1-8 (Dmf).
Synema plorator Komnenov, 2014: 188, f. 42 (m; misidentified per Dimitrov & Naumova, 2021: 697).
Synema anatolica Kiany et al., 2017: 3, f. 5a-d (m).
Synema anatolicum Dimitrov & Naumova, 2021: 697, f. 9A-F (mf).
Synema anatolicum Bosmans & Gavalas, 2023: 31, f. 17A-H (mf).
Synema annulipes Dahl, 1907 | m | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031229]
Synaema (Weissella) annulipes Dahl, 1907a: 383, 392 (Dm).
Synema bariguiense Mello-Leitão, 1947 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031230]
Synema bariguiensis Mello-Leitão, 1947b: 277, pl. 41, f. 31 (Dm).
Synema batarasa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 | m | Philippines     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031231]
Synema batarasa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 255, f. 149a-d (Dm).
Synema bellum Soares, 1944 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031233]
Synema bellum Soares, 1944c: 78, f. (Dm).
Synema berlandi Lessert, 1919 | m | Ethiopia, East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031234]
Synema berlandi Lessert, 1919: 152, f. 22, pl. 2, f. 3 (Dm).
Synema bipunctatum (Taczanowski, 1872) | m f | Brazil, French Guiana     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031235]
Xysticus bipunctatus Taczanowski, 1872: 88 (Df).
Synema brasiliana Keyserling, 1880: 59, pl. 1, f. 29 (Df).
Synema bipunctatum Keyserling, 1880: 72.
Synaema (Justella) bipunctatum Dahl, 1907a: 385, 392, 394 (m, S of Synema brasilianum).
Synema bishopi Caporiacco, 1955 | m f | Venezuela, French Guiana     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031236]
Synema bishopi Caporiacco, 1955: 414, f. 63a-d (Dmf).
Synema bourgini Millot, 1942 | m | Guinea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031237]
Synema bourgini Millot, 1942: 57, f. 26A-B (Dm).
Synema buettneri Dahl, 1907 | f | Cameroon, Togo     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031238]
Synema buettneri Dahl, 1907a: 382, 389 (Df).
Synema camerunense Dahl, 1907 | f | Cameroon     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031239]
Synaema (Rimania) camerunensis Dahl, 1907a: 384, 393 (Df).
Synema candicans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876) | m f | Egypt     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031240]
Diaea candicans O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876b: 580 (Dmf).
Synema candicans Reimoser, 1919: 119.
Synema caucasicum Utochkin, 1960 | m f | Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031241]
Synema caucasicum Utochkin, 1960b: 1021, f. 1.1-6 (Dmf).
Synema caucasicum Mcheidze, 1997: 143, f. 232-236 (mf).
Synema cervinum Schenkel, 1936 | j | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031242]
Synema cervina Schenkel, 1936b: 137 (Dj).
Synema cervinum Roewer, 1955c: 885.
Synema chikunii Ono, 1983 | m f | Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031243]
Synema chikunii Ono, 1983b: 60, f. 1-7 (Dmf).
Synema chikunii Yaginuma, 1986a: 205, f. 114.2 (mf).
Synema chikunii Chikuni, 1989b: 142, f. 18 (mf).
Synema chikunii Ono, 2009a: 521, f. 259-262 (mf).
Synema concolor Caporiacco, 1947 | f | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031244]
Synema concolor Caporiacco, 1947c: 221, pl. 2, f. 60 (Df).
Synema conradti Dahl, 1907 | f | Cameroon     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031245]
Synema conradti Dahl, 1907a: 386, 389 (Df).
Synema curvatum Dahl, 1907 | m f | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031246]
Synema curvatum Dahl, 1907a: 386, 390 (Dmf).
Synema decens (Karsch, 1878) | m f | South Africa, Eswatini     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031247]
Diaea decens Karsch, 1878c: 773 (Df).
Synema decens Dahl, 1907a: 382, 389 (Dm).
Synema decens Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 15, 14: 1 f., 15: 4 f. (m).
Synema decoratum Tikader, 1960 | m f | India, China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031248]
Synema decorata Tikader, 1960: 174, f. 2a-c (Dm).
Synema decorata Tikader, 1971a: 54, f. 15J-M (m, Df).
Synema decorata Tikader, 1980a: 136, f. 192-195 (mf).
Synema decoratum Brignoli, 1983c: 615.
Synema decorata Hu, 2001: 349, f. 210.1-2 (m).
Synema decorata Gajbe, 2007: 447, f. 50-53 (mf).
Synema diana (Audouin, 1826) | m f | Tunisia to Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031249]
Thomisus diana Audouin, 1826: 399, pl. 7, f. 1-2 (Df).
Thomisus trematus Walckenaer, 1837: 500 (replacement name for T. d., thought congeneric with Aranea d. Walckenaer, 1805).
Diaea diana O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876b: 580 (Dm).
Synaema diana Simon, 1882b: 224.
Synaema (Baerella) diana Dahl, 1907a: 391.
Synaema diana Lessert, 1919: 148, f. 20, pl. 2, f. 19, 23 (mf).
Synema audouini Roewer, 1951: 449 (replacement name for T. d., but not then thought congeneric with Aranea d. Walckenaer, 1805).
Thomisus trematus Roewer, 1955c: 1691 (nicht zu deuten = nomen dubium).
Synaema diana Levy, 1975: 161, f. 12-15 (mf).
Synaema diana Levy, 1985b: 58, f. 82-85 (mf).
Synaema diana Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1989c: 30, f. 9 (m).
Synema diana Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 16, 14: 1 f., 16: 5 f. (mf).
Synema fasciatum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031250]
Synema fasciatum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 203 (Df).
Synema fiebrigi Dahl, 1907 | m f | Paraguay     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031251]
Synaema (Justella) fiebrigi Dahl, 1907a: 380, 394 (Dmf).
Synema fischeri Dahl, 1907 | m | Somalia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031252]
Synaema (Gerhardtia) fischeri Dahl, 1907a: 380, 390 (Dm, new subgenus).
Synema flavimanus Dahl, 1907 | m | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031253]
Synaema (Weissella) flavimanus Dahl, 1907a: 379, 392 (Dm).
Synema flavipes Dahl, 1907 | j | Togo     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031254]
Synaema (Weissella) flavipes Dahl, 1907a: 382, 391 (Dj, new subgenus).
Synema flavum Dahl, 1907 | m f | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031255]
Synaema (Justella) flava Dahl, 1907a: 382, 393 (Dmf).
Synema flexuosum Dahl, 1907 | m f | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031256]
Synaema (Baerella) flexuosa Dahl, 1907a: 386, 391 (Dmf).
Synema fuelleborni Dahl, 1907 | m | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031257]
Synaema (Gerhardtia) fuelleborni Dahl, 1907a: 381, 390 (Dm).
Synema fuscomandibulatum Petrunkevitch, 1925 | m | Panama     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031258]
Synema fuscomandibulatum Petrunkevitch, 1925a: 131, f. 49 (Dm).
Synema glaucothorax Piza, 1934 | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031259]
Synema glaucothorax Piza, 1934: 5, f. 4 (Df).
Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) * | m f | Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Israel, Iran, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031260]
Aranea globosa Fabricius, 1775: 432 (D).
Aranea plantigera Rossi, 1790: 134 (D).
Aranea irregularis Panzer, 1801: 74, pl. 20 (D).
Aranea rotundata Walckenaer, 1802: 231, pl. 7.
Thomisus rotundatus Walckenaer, 1805: 30.
Thomisus rotundatus Walckenaer, 1826: 71, pl. 6, f. 4 (D).
Thomisus rotundatus Audouin, 1826: 400, pl. 7, f. 3-5 (Df).
Thomisus globosus Hahn, 1832: 34, f. 28 (Dmf).
Thomisus globosus Hahn, 1833b: 1, pl. 26, f. d (f).
Thomisus rotundatus Walckenaer, 1837: 500 (Dm).
Synema rotundata Simon, 1864: 433.
Diaea globosa Thorell, 1873: 542.
Diaea globosa Pavesi, 1873a: 151.
Synema globosum Simon, 1875a: 202.
Diaea nitida L. Koch, 1878c: 769, pl. 16, f. 33 (Dm; preoccupied by Thorell, 1877, see Mastira nitida).
Synema japonica Karsch, 1879g: 75, pl. 1, f. 10 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058403].
Diaea kochi Thorell, 1881: 340 (replacement name for Diaea nitida L. Koch) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058404].
Synema globosum Becker, 1882b: 188, pl. 18, f. 3 (mf).
Synema globosum Bösenberg, 1902: 368, pl. 34, f. 541 (mf).
Synema japonicum Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 265, pl. 10, f. 165 (mf).
Synema globosum japonicum Dahl, 1907a: 378.
Synema globosa clara Franganillo, 1913: 132 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031261].
Synema globosa flava Franganillo, 1913: 132 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031262].
Synema globosa pulchella Franganillo, 1925: 38 (nomen nudum).
Synema globosa pulchella Franganillo, 1926b: 75 (D) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031264].
Diaea nitidula Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 294 (superfluous replacement name for Diaea nitida L. Koch).
Synema globosum Reimoser, 1931b: 129, f. 3 (mf).
Synema globosum japonicum Saito, 1934b: 277, pl. 12, f. 5, pl. 14, f. 38 (f).
Synema globosum Saito, 1936b: 4, 74, f. 1, pl. 7 (f).
Synema japonica Saito, 1959: 129, f. 163a-f (f).
Synema globosum Utochkin, 1960b: 1019, f. 4.1-5 (mf).
Synema globosum daghestanicum Utochkin, 1960b: 1022, f. 2.1-2 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058402].
Synema japonicum Utochkin, 1960b: 1019, f. 6.1-4 (mf).
Synema globosa Zhu & Wang, 1963c: 480, f. 31, 41 (mf).
Synema globosum Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu, 1969: 80, pl. II, f. 2 (f).
Synema globosum Miller, 1971: 125, pl. XVI, f. 7-8 (mf).
Synema globosum Levy, 1975: 157, f. 4-7 (mf).
Synema globosum japonicum Paik & Namkung, 1979: 74, f. 61 (f).
Synema japonicum Song, 1980: 196, f. 109a-e (mf).
Synema japonicum Qiu, 1983: 99, f. 13.10a-c (mf).
Synema globosum Hidalgo, 1983: 362, f. 1M (f).
Synema globosa Hu, 1984: 335, f. 351.1-3 (mf).
Synema globosum japonicum Guo, 1985: 164, f. 2-93.1-3 (mf).
Synema globosum japonicum Zhu & Shi, 1985: 184, f. 166a-d (mf).
Synema globosum Levy, 1985b: 55, f. 74-77 (mf).
Synema globosum Yaginuma, 1986a: 205, f. 114.1 (mf).
Synema japonicum Song, 1987: 268, f. 224 (mf).
Synema globosum Zhang, 1987: 220, f. 192.1-3 (mf).
Synema globosum Wunderlich, 1987a: 252 (S of Synema globosum canariense; rejected by Lissner & Suárez, 2023: 23).
Synema globosum Ono, 1988c: 146, f. 148-158 (mf, S of Diaea kochi, D. nitida, D. nitidula, Synema globosum daghestanicum and S. japonicum).
Synema japonicum Hu & Wu, 1989: 339, f. 269.1-3 (mf).
Synema globosum Chikuni, 1989b: 142, f. 17 (mf).
Synema globosum Feng, 1990: 185, f. 160.1-4 (mf).
Synema globosum japonicum Chen & Gao, 1990: 171, f. 217a-b (mf).
Synema globosum Chen & Zhang, 1991: 270, f. 281.1-3 (mf).
Synema globosum Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 478, f. 1253 (mf).
Synema globosum Herreros, 1991: 213, f. 9A-D (mf).
Synaema japonicum Zhao, 1993: 372, f. 183a-c (mf).
Synema globosum Baldacchino et al., 1993: 49, f. 6a (m).
Synema globosum Danilov, 1993a: 63, f. 13-16 (mf).
Synema globosum Roberts, 1995: 156, f. (mf).
Synaema japonicum Zhao, 1995: 1090, f. 524a-c (mf).
Synema globosum Mcheidze, 1997: 144, f. 237-240 (mf).
Synema globosum daghestanicum Mcheidze, 1997: 144, f. 241-242 (f).
Synema globosum Song & Zhu, 1997: 132, f. 95A-C (mf).
Synema globosum Song, Chen & Zhu, 1997: 1732, f. 40a-b (m).
Synema globosum Roberts, 1998: 164, f. (mf).
Synema globosum Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 486, f. 275M, 282B, J (mf).
Synema globosum Kim & Gwon, 2001: 42, f. 64-67 (mf).
Synema globosum Song, Zhu & Chen, 2001: 403, f. 266A-C (mf).
Synema globosum Namkung, 2002: 527, f. 42.10a-b (mf).
Synema globosum Kim & Cho, 2002: 157, f. 301-306 (mf).
Synema globosum Namkung, 2003: 530, f. 42.10a-b (mf).
Synema globosum Trotta, 2005: 177, f. 487-488 (mf).
Synema globosum Ono, 2009a: 521, f. 263-268 (mf).
Synema globosum Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 454, f. 326A-C (mf).
Synema globosum Yin et al., 2012: 1297, f. 698a-d (mf).
Synema globosum Kim & Lee, 2012a: 42, f. 17A-F, pl. 4-5 (mf).
Synema globosum Lehtinen, 2016: 154, f. 2c,j,n,o (f).
Synema globosum Breitling et al., 2016b: 55, 56 (S of Synema globosum clarum, S. globosum flavum and S. globosum pulchellum).
Synema globosum Lecigne, 2016d: 23, f. 12C (f).
Synema globosum Kiany et al., 2017: 3, f. 6a-d (m).
Synema globosum Urfer et al., 2021: 109, f. 2, 6A-K, 7A-M, 8A-G (mf).
Synema globosum Zhang, Peng & Zhang, 2022: 298, f. 226A-F (mf).
Synema globosum globosum Lissner & Suárez, 2023: 19, f. 1, 3 .
Synema globosum canariense Dahl, 1907 | ? | Canary Is.     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058401]
Synema globosum canariense Dahl, 1907a: 378 (D).
Synema globosum canariense Lissner & Suárez, 2023: 23, f. 2-3 (habitus of adult mf described, removed from S of Synema globosum, rejecting Wunderlich, 1987a: 252).
Synema globosum nigriventre Kulczyński, 1901 | m f | Russia (South Siberia)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031263]
Synema globosum nigriventris Kulczyński, 1901b: 336, pl. 13, f. 6-7 (Df).
Synema globosum nigriventre Roewer, 1955c: 886.
Synema japonicum nigriventris Utochkin, 1960b: 1019, f. 5.1-4 (Dm, f, T from subspecies of S. globosum).
Synema gracilipes Dahl, 1907 | m f | Congo, East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031265]
Synaema (Bueltia) gracilipes Dahl, 1907a: 383, 392 (Dmf, new subgenus).
Synema guiyang J. S. Zhang, Lu & Yu, 2022 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:054127]
Synema guiyang J. S. Zhang, Lu & Yu, in Zhang et al., 2022c: 4, f. 2A-D, 3A-F, 4A-F (Dmf).
Synema haemorrhoidale Dahl, 1907 | f | Paraguay     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031266]
Synaema (Justella) haemorrhoidalis Dahl, 1907a: 385, 394 (Df).
Synema haenschi Dahl, 1907 | m f | Guatemala, Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031267]
Synema bimaculatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890a: 71, pl. 9, f. 7-8 (Dmf; preoccupied by Simon, 1886, see Firmicus bimaculatus).
Synema bimaculatum F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: 152, pl. 10, f. 19 (mf).
Synaema (Justella) haenschi Dahl, 1907a: 384, 394 (replacement name).
Synema haenschi Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 200 (mf).
Synema helvolum Simon, 1907 | f | Guinea-Bissau     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031268]
Synema helvolum Simon, 1907d: 317 (Df).
Synema hildebrandti Dahl, 1907 | m f | Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031269]
Synaema (Justella) hildebrandti Dahl, 1907a: 379, 381, 394 (Dmf).
Synema hirtipes Dahl, 1907 | m | Zimbabwe     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031270]
Synema hirtipes Dahl, 1907a: 386, 390 (Dm).
Synema illustre Keyserling, 1880 | m | Peru     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031271]
Synema illustre Keyserling, 1880: 68, pl. 2, f. 35 (Dm).
Synema imitatrix (Pavesi, 1883) | m f | Ethiopia, Mozambique, South Africa, Eswatini     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031272]
Diaea imitatrix Pavesi, 1883: 59 (Df).
Synema imitatrix Pavesi, 1897b: 174.
Synaema (Baerella) imitator Dahl, 1907a: 382, 391.
Synema imitator Lessert, 1919: 151, f. 21, pl. 2, f. 16 (Dm).
Synema imitatrix Nentwig et al., 2019: 47 (specific epithet corrected).
Synema imitatrix Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 17, 14: 1 f., 17: 6 f., 18: 5 f. (mf).
Synema interjectivum Mello-Leitão, 1947 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031274]
Synema interjectivum Mello-Leitão, 1947c: 16, pl. 3, f. 28 (Dm).
Synema jaspideum Simon, 1907 | m | Sierra Leone, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031275]
Synema jaspideum Simon, 1907d: 318 (Dm).
Synema lanceolatum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031277]
Synema lanceolatum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 192, f. 98 (Dm).
Synema langheldi Dahl, 1907 | f | Somalia, Tanzania, South Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031278]
Synema langheldi Dahl, 1907a: 383, 390 (Dj).
Synema langheldi Lawrence, 1947: 26, f. 14a-b (Df).
Synema langheldi Caporiacco, 1947c: 221 (Df).
Synema langheldi Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 19, 14: 1 f., 19: 4 f. (f).
Synema laticeps Dahl, 1907 | f | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031279]
Synaema (Schilleria) laticeps Dahl, 1907a: 380, 390 (Df, new subgenus).
Synema latispinum Keyserling, 1883 | m | Peru     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031280]
Synema latispina Keyserling, 1883a: 223, pl. 15, f. 19 (Dm).
Synema latissimum Dahl, 1907 | f | Togo     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031281]
Synaema (Weissella) latissima Dahl, 1907a: 383, 392 (Df).
Synema lineatum Thorell, 1895 | f | Singapore     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031282]
Synaema lineatum Thorell, 1895a: 353 (Df).
Synaema lineatum Workman, 1896: 87, pl. 87 (f).
Synema longipes Dahl, 1907 | m | Togo     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031283]
Synaema (Baerella) longipes Dahl, 1907a: 386, 391 (Dm).
Synema longispinosum Dahl, 1907 | m | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031284]
Synema longispinosum Dahl, 1907a: 387, 390 (Dm).
Synema lopezi Jiménez, 1988 | m f | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031285]
Synema lopezi Jiménez, 1988a: 396, f. 1-4 (Dmf).
Synema lunulatum Dahl, 1907 | m f | Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031286]
Synaema (Rimania) lunulata Dahl, 1907a: 384, 393 (Dmf).
Synema luridum Keyserling, 1880 | f | Peru     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031287]
Synema lurida Keyserling, 1880: 67, pl. 2, f. 34 (Df).
Synema luteovittatum Keyserling, 1891 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031288]
Synema luteo-vittata Keyserling, 1891: 247, pl. 10, f. 187 (Dm).
Synema maculatovittatum Caporiacco, 1954 | m f | French Guiana     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031289]
Synema maculatovittatus Caporiacco, 1954: 144, f. 44, 44a-c (Dmf).
Synema maculatovittatum Brignoli, 1983c: 615.
Synema maculosum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 | m f | Central America     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031290]
Synema maculosum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 81, pl. 10, f. 10 (Dj).
Synema maculosum F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: 152, pl. 10, f. 20 (Df).
Synema maculosum Dahl, 1907a: 384 (Dm).
Synema madidum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895 | m | Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031291]
Synema madidum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895a: 153, pl. 19, f. 7 (Dm).
Synema mandibulare Dahl, 1907 | m | Tanzania, South Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031292]
Synaema (Baerella) mandibularis Dahl, 1907a: 383, 391 (Dm).
Synema mandibulare Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 20, 3 f. (f [undescribed] habitus).
Synema marcidum Simon, 1907 | f | Guinea-Bissau     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031293]
Synema marcidum Simon, 1907d: 317 (Df).
Synema marlothi Dahl, 1907 | m f | South Africa, Lesotho     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031295]
Synema marlothi Dahl, 1907a: 379, 389 (Dmf).
Synema marlothi Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 21, 14: 1 f., 21: 3 f (m, f habitus).
Synema multipunctatum (Simon, 1895) | m f | Yemen, Congo, Guinea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031296]
Firmicus multipunctatus Simon, 1895b: 438 (Df).
Synema multipunctatum Lessert, 1928: 328, f. 16 (f).
Synema multipunctatum Millot, 1942: 55, f. 25A-C (Dm).
Synema mysorense Tikader, 1980 | f | India     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031298]
Synema mysorensis Tikader, 1980a: 138, f. 196-197 (Df).
Synema nangoku Ono, 2002 | f | China, Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:039040]
Synema nangoku Ono, 2002e: 206, f. 13-18 (Df).
Synema nangoku Tang et al., 2008a: 244, f. 29-33 (f).
Synema nangoku Ono, 2009a: 523, f. 269-270 (f).
Synema neomexicanum Gertsch, 1939 | f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031299]
Synema neomexicana Gertsch, 1939b: 338 (Df).
Synema nigrianum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | m f | Venezuela to Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031300]
Synema nigrianus Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 203, f. 106 (Df).
Synema nigrianus Soares, 1943a: 1, f. (f).
Synema nigrianus Soares & Soares, 1946: 64, f. 13-14 (Dm).
Synema nigriventer Dahl, 1907 | f | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031301]
Synaema (Rimania) nigriventer Dahl, 1907a: 381, 392 (Df, new subgenus).
Synema nigrotibiale Lessert, 1919 | m | Tanzania, Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Yemen     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031302]
Synema nigrotibiale Lessert, 1919: 156, f. 23-24, pl. 2, f. 22 (Dm).
Synema nigrotibiale Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 22, 14: 1 f., 22: 4 f. (m, f [undescribed] habitus).
Synema nigrum Keyserling, 1880 | m | Peru     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031303]
Synema nigra Keyserling, 1880: 65, pl. 1, f. 33 (Dm).
Synema nigricans Dahl, 1907a: 379 (lapsus).
Synema nitidulum Simon, 1929 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031304]
Synema nitidulum Simon, in Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 196, f. 102 (Dm).
Synema obscurifrons Dahl, 1907 | m | Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031305]
Synaema (Rimania) obscurifrons Dahl, 1907a: 385, 393 (Dm).
Synema obscuripes Dahl, 1907 | m | Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031306]
Synema obscuripes Dahl, 1907a: 379, 393 (Dm).
Synema opulentum Simon, 1886 | m f | Vietnam, Indonesia (Sumatra)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031307]
Synema opulentum Simon, 1886a: 145 (Df).
Synema opulentum Thorell, 1895b: 310 (Dm).
Synaema (Rimania) opulenta Dahl, 1907a: 392.
Synema opulentum birmanicum Thorell, 1887 | f | Myanmar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031308]
Synema opulentum birmanicum Thorell, 1887: 266 (Df).
Synema ornatum (Thorell, 1875) | m f | Hungary, Albania, Ukraine, Russia (Europe, Caucasus), Azerbaijan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031309]
Diaea ornata Thorell, 1875b: 94 (Dm).
Diaea ornata Thorell, 1875c: 128 (Dm).
Synema ornatum Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1891: 87 (Df).
Synema ornatum Kulczyński, 1901b: 336, pl. 13, f. 8 (f).
Synema ornatum Utochkin, 1960a: 379, f. 6-8 (mf, removed from S of S. plorator).
Synema ornatum Kůrka et al., 2020: 19, f. 23a-d (m).
Synema ornatum Ponomarev & Shmatko, 2022b: 290, f. 10-16 (mf).
Synema palliatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 | f | Panama     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031310]
Synema palliatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 81, pl. 10, f. 8 (Df).
Synema palliatum F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: 151, pl. 10, f. 18 (f).
Synema papuanellum Strand, 1913 | m | New Guinea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031311]
Synema papuanellum Strand, 1913d: 118 (Dm).
Synema papuanellum Strand, 1915d: 237, pl. 18, f. 88 (m).
Synema paraense Mello-Leitão, 1929 | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031312]
Synema paraense Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 197, f. 103 (Df).
Synema parvulum (Hentz, 1847) | m f | USA, Mexico     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031313]
Thomisus varians Walckenaer, 1837: 504 (Df, nomen oblitum).
Thomisus parvulum Hentz, 1847: 447, pl. 23, f. 8 (Df).
Synema parvulum Keyserling, 1880: 57, pl. 1, f. 28 (f).
Synema nigromaculata Keyserling, 1880: 61, pl. 1, f. 31 (Dmf).
Synema parvula Emerton, 1902: 29, f. 85-86 (mf).
Synema parvula Dahl, 1907a: 380.
Synema parvulum Gertsch, 1939b: 334, f. 80-81, 88 (mf).
Synema varians Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944: 163.
Thomisus varians Roewer, 1955c: 1692 (nicht zu deuten = nomen dubium).
Synema parvula Breene et al., 1993: 80, f. 83A-C (mf).
Synema parvulum Gómez-Rodríguez & Salazar, 2012: 3, f. II.8A-B (f).
Synema pauciaculeis Caporiacco, 1947 | j | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031314]
Synema pauciaculeis Caporiacco, 1947c: 224 (Dj).
Synema pereirai Soares, 1943 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031315]
Synema pereirai Soares, 1943a: 2, f. (Dm).
Synema pichoni Schenkel, 1963 | f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031316]
Synema pichoni Schenkel, 1963: 241, f. 134a-c (Df).
Synema plorator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) | m f | Eastern Europe, Tunesia, Middle East, Caucasus, Iran to Central Asia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031317]
Thomisus plorator O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872: 306 (Dm).
Synema plorator Simon, 1885c: 322.
Synema plorator Dahl, 1907a: 389 (f).
Synema plorator Strand, 1913f: 154 (f).
Synema richteri Utochkin, 1960b: 1022, f. 3.1-5 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:058405].
Synema plorator Levy, 1975: 159, f. 8-11 (mf, S of Synema richteri).
Synema plorator Levy, 1985b: 56, f. 78-81 (mf).
Synema plorator Marusik & Logunov, 1995a: 143, f. 16 (f).
Synema richteri Mcheidze, 1997: 145, f. 243-246 (mf).
Synema plorator Marusik, Guseinov & Aliev, 2005: 145, f. 17-19 (f).
Synema cf. plorator Namaghi et al., 2016: 19, f. 1e, 2i (f).
Synema pluripunctatum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031318]
Synema pluripunctatum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 198, f. 105 (Df).
Synema pusillum Caporiacco, 1955 | f | Venezuela     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031319]
Synema pusillum Caporiacco, 1955: 416, f. 64a-b (Df).
Synema putum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 | f | Guatemala     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031320]
Synema putum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 80, pl. 10, f. 9 (Df).
Synema quadratum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031321]
Synema quadratum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 193, f. 99-100 (Dmf).
Synema quadrifasciatum Dahl, 1907 | j | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031322]
Synaema (Rimania) quadrifasciata Dahl, 1907a: 381, 392 (Dj).
Synema quadrimaculatum Roewer, 1961 | f | Senegal     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031323]
Synema quadrimaculatum Roewer, 1961b: 75, f. 28a-d (Df).
Synema reimoseri Lessert, 1928 | m f | Congo     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031324]
Synema reimoseri Lessert, 1928: 322, f. 12-13 (Dmf).
Synema revolutum Tang & Li, 2010 | m f | China, India     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:043695]
Synema revolutum Tang & Li, 2010b: 80, f. 60A-D, 61A-C, 62A-D (Dmf).
Synema revolutum Sen, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2012c: 913, f. 16-20, 24 (f).
Synema revolutum Sen et al., 2015: 68, f. 376-380, pl. 17 (f).
Synema riflense Strand, 1909 | m | South Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031325]
Synema riflense Strand, 1909g: 579 (Dm).
Synema riflense Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 23, 5 f. (f [undescribed], m habitus).
Synema rubromaculatum Keyserling, 1880 | f | Colombia, Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031326]
Synema rubromaculatum Keyserling, 1880: 60, pl. 1, f. 30 (Df).
Synema scalare Strand, 1913 | j | Central Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031327]
Synema scalare Strand, 1913a: 396 (Dj).
Synema scheffleri Dahl, 1907 | m f | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031328]
Synema scheffleri Dahl, 1907a: 384, 387, 390, 394 (Dmf).
Synema schulzi Dahl, 1907 | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031329]
Synaema (Justella) schulzi Dahl, 1907a: 379, 394 (Df).
Synema setiferum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031331]
Synema setiferum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 204, f. 107 (Df).
Synema simoneae Lessert, 1919 | f | Tanzania, South Africa, Lesotho     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031332]
Synema simoneae Lessert, 1919: 154, pl. 2, f. 20, 26 (Df).
Synema simoneae Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 24, 4 f. (f).
Synema simoneae Dippenaar-Schoeman & Webb, 2022d: 13, f. 1-8 (f).
Synema socium O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891 | m | Panama     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031333]
Synema socium O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891a: 83, pl. 11, f. 4 (Dm).
Synema socium F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: 152, pl. 10, f. 22 (m).
Synema spinosum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031334]
Synema spinosum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 197 (Df).
Synema spirale Dahl, 1907 | m f | South America     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031335]
Synaema (Justella) spiralis Dahl, 1907a: 383, 393 (Dmf, new subgenus).
Synema steckeri Dahl, 1907 | m f | Togo, Sudan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031336]
Synema steckeri Dahl, 1907a: 385, 389 (Df).
Synema steckeri Caporiacco, 1940c: 850 (Dm).
Synema subabnorme Caporiacco, 1947 | j | Uganda     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031337]
Synema subabnorme Caporiacco, 1947c: 222 (Dj).
Synema suteri Dahl, 1907 | m f | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031338]
Synaema (Baerella) suteri Dahl, 1907a: 381, 391 (Dmf).
Synema tadzhikistanicum Utochkin, 1960 | f | Central Asia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031339]
Synema tadzhikistanicum Utochkin, 1960a: 378, f. 1-2 (Df).
Synema tadzhikistanum Brignoli, 1983c: 615.
Synema ternetzi Mello-Leitão, 1939 | m | Paraguay     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031340]
Synema ternetzi Mello-Leitão, 1939e: 77, f. 63-64 (Dm).
Synema tibiale Dahl, 1907 | m | Malawi     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031341]
Synema (Baerella) tibialis Dahl, 1907a: 380, 385, 391 (Dm).
Synema togoense Dahl, 1907 | j | Togo     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031342]
Synaema (Justella) togoensis Dahl, 1907a: 378, 394 (Dj).
Synema tricalcaratum Mello-Leitão, 1929 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031343]
Synema tricalcaratum Mello-Leitão, 1929d: 194 (Dm).
Synema trimaculosum Schmidt, 1956 | f | Ecuador     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031344]
Synema trimaculosum Schmidt, 1956a: 26, f. 2 (Df).
Synema utotchkini Marusik & Logunov, 1995 | m f | North Macedonia, Turkey, Russia (Europe, West Siberia), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031345]
Synema plorator Spassky & Shnitnikov, 1937: 283, f. 5-6 (mf, misidentified).
Synema plorator Utochkin, 1960a: 379, f. 3-5 (mf, misidentified).
Synema utotchkini Marusik & Logunov, 1995a: 142, f. 12-15 (Dmf).
Synema utotchkini Demir, Aktas & Topçu, 2007: 121, f. 1-2 (m).
Synema utotchkini Fomichev, 2022c: 231, f. 42-44 (m).
Synema vachoni Jézéquel, 1964 | m f | Ivory Coast     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031346]
Synema vachoni Jézéquel, 1964c: 1130, f. 34-35 (Dmf).
Synema valentinieri Dahl, 1907 | f | Egypt     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031347]
Synema valentinieri Dahl, 1907a: 383, 390 (Df).
Synema vallotoni Lessert, 1923 | f | Zimbabwe, South Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031348]
Synema vallotoni Lessert, 1923: 176, f. 21-22 (Df).
Synema vallotoni Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2020w: 25, 4 f. (f habitus).
Synema variabile Caporiacco, 1939 | f | Ethiopia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031349]
Synema variabile Caporiacco, 1939a: 366, f. 19 (Df).
Synema viridans (Banks, 1896) | m f | USA     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031350]
Misumena viridans Banks, 1896e: 71 (Dmf).
Misumessus viridans Banks, 1910: 50.
Misumenops viridans Petrunkevitch, 1911: 414.
Parasynaema viridans Gertsch, 1934b: 15.
Synema viridans Gertsch, 1939b: 335, f. 84-85, 89 (mf).
Synema viridisterne Jézéquel, 1966 | m f | Ivory Coast     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031351]
Synema viridisternis Jézéquel, 1966: 619, f. 8-9 (Dmf).
Synema vittatum Keyserling, 1880 | f | Peru     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031352]
Synema vittatum Keyserling, 1880: 69, pl. 2, f. 36 (Df).
Synema zonatum Tang & Song, 1988 | f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:031353]
Synema zonatum Tang & Song, 1988a: 248, f. 11-12 (Df).
Synema zonatum Chen & Zhang, 1991: 269, f. 280.1-4 (f).
Synema zonatum Song & Zhu, 1997: 134, f. 96A-B (f).
Synema zonatum Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 486, f. 282C (f).
Synema zonatum Zhu & Zhang, 2011: 455, f. 327A-B (f).
Synema zonatum Yin et al., 2012: 1298, f. 699a-c (f).
up