Family: Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0099] Detail
In synonymy:
Oronota Simon, 1871 = Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835 (Levi & Levi, 1962: 25)
Oroodes Simon, 1873 = Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835 (Levi & Levi, 1962: 25)
Sudabe Karsch, 1879 (removed from S of Theridion Walckenaer, 1805) = Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835 (Levi & Levi, 1962: 29)
Tricantha Simon, 1864 = Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835 (Levi & Levi, 1962: 31)
Trithena Simon, 1867 = Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835 (Levi & Levi, 1962: 31, confirming Keyserling, 1886b: 23, but rejected by Simon, 1894a: 561)
Ulesanis L. Koch, 1872 = Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835 (Levi & Levi, 1962: 31)
Wibrada Keyserling, 1886 = Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835 (Levi, 1964d: 72, through transfer of the type species)
Gen. Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:00712] Detail
type Phoroncidia aculeata Westwood, 1835; gender feminine
N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Sudabe Karsch, 1879g: 63 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05708] (type S. pilula Karsch, 1879; removed from S of Theridion Walckenaer, 1805), Tricantha Simon, 1864: 293 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05714] (type T. tricornis Simon, 1864 = Phoroncidia tricuspidata (Blackwall, 1863), Trithena Simon, 1867: 23 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05708] (type T. inuncans Simon, 1867 = Phoroncidia tricuspidata (Blackwall, 1863)), Oronota Simon, 1871b: 7 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05712] (type Epeira paradoxa Lucas, 1846), Oroodes Simon, 1873a: 127 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05712] (type Epeira paradoxa Lucas, 1846) and Ulesanis L. Koch, 1872a: 242 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05710] (type U. personata L. Koch, 1872; synonymy of Trithena already considered by Keyserling, 1886b: 23, but rejected by Simon, 1894a: 561; synonymy not accepted by Wunderlich, 2008b: 273 or Yoshida, 2011: 41) by Levi & Levi, 1962: 25-31, and of Wibrada Keyserling, 1886b: 22 [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:05711] (type W. longiceps Keyserling, 1886) by Levi, 1964d: 72 (through transfer of the type species).
Transferred to other genera:
Phoroncidia flavomaculata (Keyserling, 1891) -- see Dipoena
Phoroncidia sudabides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) -- see Chrosiothes
In synonymy:
Phoroncidia borea Logunov & Marusik, 1992 = Phoroncidia pilula (Karsch, 1879) (Logunov, 1992e: 66).
Phoroncidia brevispinosa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 = Phoroncidia thwaitesi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 (Simon, 1894a: 553-557, S omitted by Roewer).
Phoroncidia coquimbo Levi, 1964 = Phoroncidia pennata (Nicolet, 1849) (Sedgwick, 1974: 353).
Phoroncidia excussa (Urquhart, 1892) = Phoroncidia quadrata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880) (Marples, 1955c: 754, sub Ulesanis).
Phoroncidia inuncans (Simon, 1867, T from Trithena) = Phoroncidia tricuspidata (Blackwall, 1863) (Keyserling, 1886b: 24).
Phoroncidia lacunosa (Urquhart, 1892) = Phoroncidia quadrata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880) (Marples, 1955c: 754, sub Ulesanis).
Phoroncidia margamarga Levi, 1964 = Phoroncidia variabilis (Nicolet, 1849) (Sedgwick, 1974: 354).
Phoroncidia minschana (Schenkel, 1936) = Phoroncidia pilula (Karsch, 1879) (Marusik, Mikhailov & Omelko, 2015: 121).
Phoroncidia sagaensis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906, T from Gasteracantha) = Phoroncidia pilula (Karsch, 1879) (Yaginuma, 1960: 35, sub Oronota).
Phoroncidia tricornis (Simon, 1864, T from Tricantha) = Phoroncidia tricuspidata (Blackwall, 1863) (Petrunkevitch, 1911: 213, sub Trithena).
Nomen dubium:
Phoroncidia quadrispinella Strand, 1907d: 729, Strand, 1907o: 33 (f, Madagascar) -- Nentwig et al., 2020: 27.
Phoroncidia aciculata Thorell, 1877 | f | Indonesia (Sulawesi)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007876]
Phoroncidia aciculata Thorell, 1877b: 455 (Df).
Phoroncidia aculeata Westwood, 1835 * | m | India, China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007877]
Phoroncidia aculeata Westwood, 1835: 453, pl. 22, f. 19 (Dm).
Phoroncidia aculeata Kariko, 2014: 211, f. 15, 16A-D (m).
Phoroncidia alishanensis Chen, 1990 | f | Taiwan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007878]
Phoroncidia alishanense Chen, 1990: 20, f. 1A-C (Df).
Phoroncidia altiventris Yoshida, 1985 | m f | Korea, Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007879]
Phoroncidia altiventris Yoshida, 1985c: 8, f. 1-2, 6-7 (Df).
Phoroncidia altiventris Chikuni, 1989b: 39, f. 46 (f, Dm).
Phoroncidia altiventris Yoshida, 2009b: 365, f. 87-89 (m).
Phoroncidia altiventris Seo, 2018: 285, f. 19A-E (m).
Phoroncidia altiventris Suzuki & Yokoi, 2019: 31 (belongs probably to Araneidae).
Phoroncidia alveolata (Simon, 1903) | f | Equatorial Guinea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007880]
Ulesanis alveolatus Simon, 1903e: 76 (Df).
Phoroncidia ambatolahy Kariko, 2014 | m f | Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047368]
Phoroncidia ambatolahy Kariko, 2014: 205, f. 7A-F, 8A-F, 9B, 10D, 11C, 12A-B (Dmf).
Phoroncidia americana (Emerton, 1882) | m f | USA, Canada, Cuba, Jamaica     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007881]
Ulesanis americana Emerton, 1882: 28, pl. 6, f. 1 (Dmf).
Ulesanis americana Keyserling, 1886b: 17, pl. 11, f. 142 (Df).
Ulesanis americana Kaston, 1948: 96, f. 112-119 (m).
Ulesanis americana Archer, 1950: 39, pl. IV, f. 2 (m).
Oronota americana Levi, 1955c: 334, f. 1-8 (mf).
Ulesanis americana Levi & Levi, 1962: 57, f. 244-245 (m).
Phoroncidia americana Levi, 1964d: 74.
Phoroncidia americana Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 217, f. 2426-2428 (mf).
Phoroncidia americana Agnarsson, Coddington & Knoflach, 2007: 352, f. 49 (m).
Phoroncidia argoides (Doleschall, 1857) | f | Indonesia (Ambon)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007882]
Plectana argoides Doleschall, 1857: 425 (Df).
Plectana argoides Doleschall, 1859: pl. 8, f. 2 (f).
Micrathena argoides Butler, 1873b: 429.
Phoroncidia argoides Thorell, 1881: 158.
Phoroncidia aurata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877 | m f | Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007883]
Phoroncidia aurata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877c: 31, pl. 7, f. 9 (Df).
Phoroncidia aurata Butler, 1883: 766, pl. 57, f. 4 (f).
Phoroncidia aurata Simon, 1894a: 553, f. 568 (f).
Phoroncidia aurata Kariko, 2014: 205, f. 9A, 11D, 13A-E, 14A-F (f, Dm).
Phoroncidia bifrons (Simon, 1895) | f | Philippines     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007884]
Ulesanis bifrons Simon, 1895g: 147 (Df).
Phoroncidia biocellata (Simon, 1893) | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007885]
Trithena biocellata Simon, 1893e: 323, pl. 7, f. 4 (Df).
Phoroncidia biocellata Levi, 1964d: 81, f. 67-71 (f).
Phoroncidia bukolana Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 | m | Philippines     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007886]
Phoroncidia bukolana Barrion & Litsinger, 1995: 417, f. 247a-g (Dm).
Phoroncidia capensis (Simon, 1895) | m f | South Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007887]
Ulesanis capensis Simon, 1895g: 147 (Dmf).
Phoroncidia capensis Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021z: 55, 3 f. (f habitus).
Phoroncidia chelys (L. Koch, 1872) | f | Fiji     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055624]
Ulesanis chelys L. Koch, 1872a: 244, pl. 20, f. 4 (Df).
Phoroncidia chelys Dupérré, 2023a: 227, f. 71A-E (f, removed from S of Phoroncidia personata, rejecting Berland, 1929b: 48).
Phoroncidia concave Yin & Xu, 2012 | f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046188]
Phoroncidia concave Yin & Xu, in Yin et al., 2012: 365, f. 152a-e (Df).
Phoroncidia coracina (Simon, 1899) | m | Indonesia (Sumatra)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007888]
Ulesanis coracina Simon, 1899a: 81 (Dm).
Phoroncidia cribrata (Simon, 1893) | f | Paraguay     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007889]
Trithena cribrata Simon, 1893e: 323, pl. 7, f. 5 (Df).
Phoroncidia cribrata Levi, 1964d: 79, f. 52-56 (f).
Phoroncidia crustula Zhu, 1998 | m f | China (Hainan)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007890]
Phoroncidia crustula Zhu, 1998: 29, f. 12A-D (Df).
Phoroncidia crustula Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 127, f. 66C-D (f).
Phoroncidia crustula Lin, 2021: 432, f. 1, 2A-L, 3A-H (Dm, f).
Phoroncidia cygnea (Hickman, 1951) | m f | Australia (Tasmania)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007891]
Ulesanis cygnea Hickman, 1951b: 11, f. 15-20 (Dmf).
Phoroncidia cygnea Brignoli, 1983c: 409.
Phoroncidia dino Vanuytven, 2022 | m | Papua New Guinea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057035]
Phoroncidia dino Vanuytven, 2022: 106, f. 1A-E, 2A-B (Dm).
Phoroncidia eburnea (Simon, 1895) | f | South Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007892]
Ulesanis eburnea Simon, 1895g: 147 (Df).
Phoroncidia eburnea Dippenaar-Schoeman et al., 2021z: 56, 4 f. (f habitus).
Phoroncidia ellenbergeri Berland, 1913 | m | Gabon     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007893]
Phoroncidia ellenbergeri Berland, 1913a: 75, f. 1-3 (Dm).
Phoroncidia escalerai (Simon, 1903) | m | Equatorial Guinea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007894]
Ulesanis escalerai Simon, 1903e: 75 (Dm).
Phoroncidia flavolimbata (Simon, 1893) | f | Ecuador     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007895]
Trithena flavolimbata Simon, 1893e: 322, pl. 7, f. 3 (Df).
Trithena flavolimbata Simon, 1894a: 555, f. 569 (f).
Phoroncidia flavolimbata Levi, 1964d: 81, f. 57-61 (f).
Phoroncidia floripara Gao & Li, 2014 | m f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:046690]
Phoroncidia floripara Gao & Li, 2014: 61, f. 47A-D, 48A-C, 49A-E, 50A-D (Dmf).
Phoroncidia fumosa (Nicolet, 1849) | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007896]
Gasteracantha fumosa Nicolet, 1849: 477 (Df).
Glyptogona fumosa Simon, 1895a: 867.
Phoroncidia fumosa Levi, 1996b: 146 (Tf from Glyptogona).
Phoroncidia gayi (Nicolet, 1849) | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007897]
Gasteracantha gayi Nicolet, 1849: 473, pl. 5, f. 4 (Df).
Ulesanis gayi Simon, 1894a: 554.
Glyptogona gayi Simon, 1895a: 867.
Phoroncidia gayi Levi, 1996b: 146 (Tf from Glyptogona).
Phoroncidia gira Levi, 1964 | f | Venezuela     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007898]
Phoroncidia gira Levi, 1964d: 84, f. 82-86 (Df).
Phoroncidia hankiewiczi (Kulczyński, 1911) | f | Portugal, Spain, France     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007899]
Ulesanis hankiewiczi Kulczyński, 1911a: 55, pl. 2, f. 71-72 (Df).
Phoroncidia hexacantha Thorell, 1890 | f | Indonesia (Sumatra)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007900]
Phoroncidia hexacantha Thorell, 1890a: 240 (Df).
Phoroncidia jacobsoni (Reimoser, 1925) | f | Indonesia (Sumatra)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007901]
Ulesanis jacobsoni Reimoser, 1925: 92 (Df).
Phoroncidia kibonotensis (Tullgren, 1910) | m f | East Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007902]
Ulesanis kibonotensis Tullgren, 1910: 136, pl. 2, f. 54 (Dm).
Ulesanis kibonotensis Caporiacco, 1949a: 374, f. 34a-b (Df).
Phoroncidia kibonotensis concolor (Caporiacco, 1949) | f | Kenya     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007903]
Ulesanis kibonotensis concolor Caporiacco, 1949a: 374 (Df).
Phoroncidia kibonotensis concolor Brignoli, 1983c: 409.
Phoroncidia levii Chrysanthus, 1963 | m f | New Guinea     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007904]
Phoroncidia levii Chrysanthus, 1963: 735, f. 44-48 (Df).
Phoroncidia levii Chrysanthus, 1975: 31, f. 121-123 (Dm).
Phoroncidia longiceps (Keyserling, 1886) | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007905]
Wibrada longiceps Keyserling, 1886b: 22, pl. 11, f. 145 (Dm).
Vibrada longiceps Simon, 1894a: 560, f. 570 (Df).
Wibrada longipes Roewer, 1942a: 390 (lapsus).
Wibrada longiceps Levi & Levi, 1962: 57, f. 240-243 (m).
Phoroncidia longiceps Levi, 1964d: 72, f. 12-17 (m).
Phoroncidia lygeana (Walckenaer, 1841) | m f | Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007906]
Plectana lygeana Walckenaer, 1841: 197 (Df).
Phoroncidia acrosomoides van Hasselt, 1882: 30, pl. 1, f. 7, pl. 4, f. 2-3 (Df).
Phoroncidia lygeana Thorell, 1890a: 243 (Dm).
Phoroncidia lygeana Simon, 1894a: 553, f. 566 (f).
Phoroncidia lygeana Workman, 1896: 58, pl. 58 (f).
Phoroncidia lygeana Archer, 1950: 39, pl. IV, f. 5 (m).
Phoroncidia lygeana Bristowe, 1976b: 11, f. 7-14 (mf).
Phoroncidia lygeana Yoshida & Koh, 2011: 75, f. 1-3, 20-27 (mf).
Phoroncidia maindroni (Simon, 1905) | f | India     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007907]
Ulesanis maindroni Simon, 1905a: 177 (Df).
Phoroncidia minlangi Lin & Li, 2023 | f | China     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057157]
Phoroncidia minlangi Lin & Li, in Lin, Li & Pham, 2023: 66, f. 55A-B, 56A-B, 57A-D (Df).
Phoroncidia minuta (Spassky, 1932) | f | Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007909]
Ulesanis minuta Spassky, 1932b: 978, f. 9 (Df).
Phoroncidia minuta Logunov & Marusik, 1992: 93, f. 1-2, 10-11 (f).
Phoroncidia minuta Zamani et al., 2021b: 292, f. 11C-F (f).
Phoroncidia moyobamba Levi, 1964 | m f | Peru, Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007910]
Wibrada longiceps Archer, 1950: 27, pl. IV, f. 4 (m, misidentified).
Phoroncidia moyobamba Levi, 1964d: 70, f. 1-5 (Dm).
Phoroncidia moyobamba Buckup & Marques, 1989: 125, f. 4-11 (m, Df).
Phoroncidia musiva (Simon, 1880) | f | New Caledonia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007911]
Oroodes musiva Simon, 1880i: 171 (Df).
Phoroncidia nasuta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) | m f | Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007912]
Stegosoma nasuta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873d: 127, pl. 14, f. 11 (Dmf).
Ulesanis nasuta Simon, 1894a: 554.
Ulesanis nasutus Yoshida, 2011: 43, f. 1-6 (f).
Phoroncidia nicoleti (Roewer, 1942) | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007913]
Gasteracantha pallida Nicolet, 1849: 476 (Df; preoccupied by C. L. Koch, 1845).
Glyptogona pallida Simon, 1895a: 867.
Glyptogona nicoleti Roewer, 1942a: 891 (replacement name).
Phoroncidia nicoleti Levi, 1996b: 146 (Tf from Glyptogona).
Phoroncidia nicoleti Levi, 1964 | m | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007914]
Phoroncidia nicoleti Levi, 1964d: 75, f. 24-26 (Dm; N.B.: if actually congeneric with above, will need replacement name).
Phoroncidia oahuensis (Simon, 1900) | f | Hawaii     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007915]
Ulesanis oahuensis Simon, 1900a: 460, pl. 16, f. 11 (Df).
Phoroncidia paradoxa (Lucas, 1846) | m f | Southern Europe, North Africa, Turkey     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007916]
Epeira paradoxa Lucas, 1846: 251, pl. 15, f. 7 (Df).
Plectana paradoxa Walckenaer, 1847a: 477.
Oronota paradoxa Simon, 1871b: 7.
Oroodes paradoxus Simon, 1873a: 128.
Sclerogaster pusillus Cavanna, 1876: 90, pl. 2, f. 3-11 (Dmf).
Ulesanis paradoxus Simon, 1914: 273 (paradoxus), 300 (paradoxa, T from Oroodes, S of Sclerogaster pusillus).
Oronota paradoxa Levi, 1955c: 334, f. 9 (m).
Phoroncidia paradoxa Brignoli, 1969c: 266, f. 1, 4-5 (m).
Phoroncidia paradoxa Thaler & Noflatscher, 1990: 173, f. 14-15 (m).
Phoroncidia paradoxa Vanuytven, 1991: 103, f. 1a-f (mf).
Ulesanis paradoxa Wunderlich, 2008b: 273, f. 222-225 (m).
Phoroncidia paradoxa Le Peru, 2011: 459, f. 757 (mf).
Phoroncidia paradoxa Kunt et al., 2012: 648, f. 17a-h (f).
Phoroncidia paradoxa Otto & Japoshvili, 2018: 378, f. 8a-12, 14-17 (m).
Phoroncidia pennata (Nicolet, 1849) | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007917]
Gasteracantha pennata Nicolet, 1849: 474, pl. 5, f. 5 (Df).
Ulesanis pennata Simon, 1894a: 556.
Glyptogona pennata Simon, 1895a: 867.
Phoroncidia coquimbo Levi, 1964d: 77, f. 38-41 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057274].
Phoroncidia pennata Sedgwick, 1974: 353 (T from Glyptogona, S of Phoroncidia coquimbo).
Phoroncidia personata (L. Koch, 1872) | m f | Samoa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007918]
Ulesanis personata L. Koch, 1872a: 243, pl. 20, f. 3 (Df).
Ulesanis personata Berland, 1929b: 48, f. 19 (m, S of Ulesanis chelys; revalidated by Dupérré, 2023: 22).
Phoroncidia personata Dupérré, 2023a: 229, f. 72A-E (f).
Phoroncidia pilula (Karsch, 1879) | m f | Georgia, Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007919]
Sudabe pilula Karsch, 1879g: 63 (Df).
Theridion pilula Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 146, pl. 12, f. 268 (f).
Gasteracantha sagaensis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 239, pl. 15, f. 426 (Dm) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057278].
Ulesanis minschana Schenkel, 1936b: 49, f. 15 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007908].
Oronota pilula Yaginuma, 1956d: 26 (T from Theridion).
Oronota pilula Yaginuma, 1960: 35 (S of Gasteracantha sagaensis).
Theridion pilula Komatsu, 1961a: 22, f. 12A-E (f).
Phoroncidia pilula Yaginuma, 1965a: 34.
Phoroncidia pilula Yoshida, 1979: 46, f. 1-3 (f, Dm).
Phoroncidia pilula Yaginuma, 1986a: 44, f. 23.6 (mf).
Phoroncidia pilula Yoshida, 1989b: 318, f. 4K-L (m).
Phoroncidia pilula Chikuni, 1989b: 39, f. 45 (mf).
Phoroncidia borea Logunov & Marusik, 1992: 95, f. 3-9, 12 (Dmf) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057272].
Phoroncidia minshana Logunov, 1992e: 66 (S of Phoroncidia borea).
Phoroncidia pilula Zhu, 1998: 27, f. 11A-D (mf).
Phoroncidia pilula Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 127, f. 66E-G (mf).
Phoroncidia pilula Namkung, 2002: 121, f. 13.39a-b (mf).
Phoroncidia pilula Guan, 2002: 4, f. 1.1-6 (mf).
Phoroncidia pilula Namkung, 2003: 123, f. 13.39a-b (mf).
Phoroncidia pilula Yoshida, 2003a: 52, f. 109-111, 557 (mf).
Phoroncidia pilula Yoshida, 2009b: 365, f. 84-85 (m).
Ulesanis pilula Yoshida, 2011: 42.
Phoroncidia pilula Yin et al., 2012: 367, f. 153a-c (f).
Phoroncidia pilula Marusik, Mikhailov & Omelko, 2015: 121, f. 18-20 (mf, S of Phoroncidia minshana).
Phoroncidia pilula Otto & Japoshvili, 2018: 377, f. 2-7b, 13 (m).
Phoroncidia pilula Kim, 2021: 112, f. 47A-J, pl. 23 (mf).
Phoroncidia pilula (Simon, 1895) | f | Tanzania (Zanzibar)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007920]
Ulesanis pilula Simon, 1895g: 146 (Df; N.B.: if actually congeneric with above, will need replacement name).
Phoroncidia piratini Rodrigues & Marques, 2010 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:044013]
Phoroncidia piratini Rodrigues & Marques, 2010: 248, f. 1-9 (Dmf).
Phoroncidia pukeiwa (Marples, 1955) | m f | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007921]
Ulesanis pukeiwa Marples, 1955c: 756, f. 2C-D, 3B (Dmf).
Phoroncidia pukeiwa Brignoli, 1983c: 409.
Phoroncidia puketoru (Marples, 1955) | m f | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007922]
Ulesanis puketoru Marples, 1955c: 758, f. 2B, 3C (Dmf).
Phoroncidia puketoru Brignoli, 1983c: 409.
Phoroncidia puyehue Levi, 1967 | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007923]
Phoroncidia puyehue Levi, 1967a: 18, f. 23-26 (Df).
Phoroncidia quadrata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880) | f | New Zealand     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007924]
Stegosoma quadratum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880a: 698, pl. 53. f. 15 (Df).
Stegosoma lacunosa Urquhart, 1893a: 169 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057276].
Stegosoma excussa Urquhart, 1893a: 171 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057275].
Ulesanis quadrata Dalmas, 1917a: 358.
Ulesanis lacunosa Dalmas, 1917a: 358.
Ulesanis excussa Dalmas, 1917a: 358.
Ulesanis quadratum Marples, 1955c: 754, f. 2A, 3A (Dm, f habitus, S of Ulesanis excussa and U. lacunosa).
Phoroncidia ravot Levi, 1964 | m | Venezuela     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007926]
Phoroncidia ravot Levi, 1964d: 76, f. 27-29 (Dm).
Phoroncidia reimoseri Levi, 1964 | m f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007927]
Phoroncidia reimoseri Levi, 1964d: 83, f. 77-81 (Df).
Phoroncidia reimoseri Rodrigues & Marques, 2010: 250, f. 10-15 (Dm).
Phoroncidia roseleviorum Kariko, 2014 | f | Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047367]
Phoroncidia roseleviorum Kariko, 2014: 201, f. 6A-F, 10C (Df).
Phoroncidia rotunda (Keyserling, 1890) | m f | Australia (Queensland, Lord Howe Is.), Samoa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007928]
Wirada rotunda Keyserling, 1890: 236, pl. 21, f. 4 (Df).
Ulesanis rotunda Rainbow, 1920b: 243, pl. 29, f. 45 (f, Dm).
Ulesanis rotunda Berland, 1929b: 49, f. 20-21 (f).
Phoroncidia rubens Thorell, 1899 | f | Cameroon     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007929]
Phoroncidia rubens Thorell, 1899: 28 (Df).
Phoroncidia rubroargentea Berland, 1913 | f | Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007930]
Phoroncidia rubroargentea Berland, 1913a: 77, f. 4 (Df).
Phoroncidia rubromaculata (Keyserling, 1886) | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007931]
Heribertus rubromaculatus Keyserling, 1886b: 28, pl. 11, f. 148 (Dm).
Ulesanis rubromaculata Simon, 1894a: 554.
Phoroncidia rubromaculata Levi, 1964d: 72, f. 21-23 (m).
Phoroncidia ryukyuensis Yoshida, 1979 | m f | Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyu Is.)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007932]
Phoroncidia ryukyuensis Yoshida, 1979: 49, f. 7-11 (Dmf).
Phoroncidia ryukyuensis Yaginuma, 1986a: 44, f. 23.7 (mf).
Phoroncidia ryukyuensis Yoshida, 2003a: 53, f. 112-116 (mf).
Phoroncidia ryukyuensis Yoshida, 2009b: 365, f. 5-6, 86 (m).
Ulesanis ryukyuensis Yoshida, 2011: 44, f. 7-16 (mf).
Phoroncidia saboya Levi, 1964 | f | Colombia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007933]
Phoroncidia saboya Levi, 1964d: 82, f. 72-76 (Df).
Phoroncidia scutellata (Taczanowski, 1879) | f | Peru     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007934]
Tricantha scutellata Taczanowski, 1879: 122, pl. 1, f. 35 (Df).
Phoroncidia scutellata Levi, 1964d: 79, f. 42-45 (f).
Phoroncidia scutula (Nicolet, 1849) | m f | Bolivia, Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007935]
Gasteracantha scutula Nicolet, 1849: 478, pl. 5, f. 6 (Df).
Gasteracantha caduceator Nicolet, 1849: 479 (Df).
Gasteracantha violaceata Nicolet, 1849: 479 (Df).
Gasteracantha maculata Nicolet, 1849: 480 (Df).
Gasteracantha porcellanae Nicolet, 1849: 480 (Df).
Gasteracantha venusta Nicolet, 1849: 480 (Df).
Gasteracantha scitula Nicolet, 1849: 481 (Df).
Gasteracantha ventrosa Nicolet, 1849: 481 (Df).
Gasteracantha columnata Nicolet, 1849: 482 (Df).
Gasteracantha inflata Nicolet, 1849: 482 (Df).
Gasteracantha punctata Nicolet, 1849: 483 (Df).
Gasteracantha minuta Nicolet, 1849: 483 (Df).
Ulesanis scutula Keyserling, 1886b: 18, pl. 11, f. 143 (f).
Ulesanis scutula Tullgren, 1902: 16, pl. 1, f. 5 (Dm).
Phoroncidia scutula Levi, 1964d: 73, f. 18-20 (m).
Phoroncidia scutula Levi, 1967a: 17, f. 19-22 (f).
Phoroncidia septemaculeata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 | m f | India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007936]
Phoroncidia septemaculeata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873d: 124, pl. 14, f. 8 (Dmf).
Phoroncidia aculeata Levi & Levi, 1962: 57, f. 235-237 (mf; misidentified per Nafin et al., 2019: 188).
Phoroncidia septemaculeata Nafin et al., 2019: 188, f. 1A-D, 2A-K, 3A-E, 4A-F (mf).
Phoroncidia sextuberculata (Keyserling, 1890) | f | Australia (Queensland)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007937]
Ulesanis sextuberculata Keyserling, 1890: 235, pl. 21, f. 3 (Df).
Phoroncidia sjostedti Tullgren, 1910 | f | Tanzania     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007938]
Phoroncidia sjöstedti Tullgren, 1910: 137 (Df).
Phoroncidia spissa (Nicolet, 1849) | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007939]
Gasteracantha spissa Nicolet, 1849: 475 (Df).
Glyptogona spissa Simon, 1895a: 867.
Phoroncidia spissa Levi, 1996b: 146 (Tf from Glyptogona).
Phoroncidia splendida Thorell, 1899 | m f | West Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007940]
Phoroncidia splendida Thorell, 1899: 27 (Df).
Phoroncidia splendida Kritscher, 1957: 270, f. 29 (Dm).
Phoroncidia studo Levi, 1964 | f | Peru, Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007941]
Phoroncidia studo Levi, 1964d: 71, f. 6-11 (Df).
Phoroncidia testudo (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) | m f | India, Sri Lanka     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007942]
Stegosoma testudo O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873d: 126, pl. 14, f. 10 (Df).
Ulesanis testudo Simon, 1894a: 555.
Ulesanis testudo Archer, 1950: 39, pl. IV, f. 3 (Dm).
Phoroncidia thwaitesi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 | m f | Sri Lanka     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007943]
Phoroncidia thwaitesii O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869a: 270, pl. 9, f. 17-22 (Df).
Phoroncidia thwaitesi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873d: 123 (Dm).
Phoroncidia brevispinosa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873d: 124, pl. 14, f. 7 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057273].
Phoroncidia thwaitesi Simon, 1894a: 553, f. 567 (f, S of Phoroncidia brevispinosa, omitted by Roewer).
Phoroncidia tina Levi, 1964 | m | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007944]
Phoroncidia tina Levi, 1964d: 78, f. 35-37 (Dm).
Phoroncidia tina Coddington, 1990: 18, f. 97 (m).
Phoroncidia tricuspidata (Blackwall, 1863) | f | Brazil     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007945]
Plectana tricuspidata Blackwall, 1863a: 38 (Df).
Tricantha tricornis Simon, 1864: 293, f. 136 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055625].
Trithena inuncans Simon, 1867: 23 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:055626].
Triacantha [tricornis] Thorell, 1869: 36 (emendation of the generic name).
Phoroncidia tricuspidata Keyserling, 1886b: 24, pl. 11, f. 146 (f, S of Trithena inuncans).
Trithena tricuspidata Simon, 1893e: 322, pl. 7, f. 2 (f).
Trithena tricuspidata Petrunkevitch, 1911: 213 (S of Tricantha tricornis).
Trithena tricuspidata Levi & Levi, 1962: 57, f. 246-247 (f).
Phoroncidia tricuspidata Levi, 1964d: 80, f. 46-51 (f).
Phoroncidia trituberculata (Hickman, 1951) | m f | Australia (Tasmania)     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007946]
Ulesanis trituberculata Hickman, 1951b: 14, f. 21-25 (Dmf).
Phoroncidia trituberculata Brignoli, 1983c: 409.
Phoroncidia triunfo Levi, 1964 | f | Mexico to Costa Rica     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007947]
Tricantha tricornis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 540, pl. 51, f. 26 (f, misidentified).
Phoroncidia triunfo Levi, 1964d: 82, f. 62-65 (Df).
Phoroncidia truncatula (Strand, 1909) | m | South Africa     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007948]
Ulesanis truncatula Strand, 1909g: 564 (Dm).
Phoroncidia umbrosa (Nicolet, 1849) | f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007949]
Gasteracantha umbrosa Nicolet, 1849: 474 (Df).
Glyptogona umbrosa Simon, 1895a: 867.
Phoroncidia umbrosa Levi, 1996b: 146 (Tf from Glyptogona).
Phoroncidia variabilis (Nicolet, 1849) | m f | Chile     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007950]
Gasteracantha variabilis Nicolet, 1849: 476 (Df).
Glyptogona variabilis Simon, 1895a: 867.
Phoroncidia margamarga Levi, 1964d: 77, f. 30-34 (Df) [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:057277].
Phoroncidia margamarga Levi, 1967a: 18, f. 16-18 (Dm).
Phoroncidia variabilis Sedgwick, 1974: 354 (T from Glyptogona, S of Phoroncidia margamarga).
Phoroncidia vatoharanana Kariko, 2014 | m f | Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047366]
Phoroncidia vatoharanana Kariko, 2014: 201, f. 4A-F, 5A-F, 9C, 10B, 11B (Dmf).
Phoroncidia wrightae Kariko, 2014 | m f | Madagascar     [urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:047365]
Phoroncidia wrightae Kariko, 2014: 197, f. 2A-F, 3A-F, 10A, 11A (Dmf).
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